Wireless Charging For Electric Vehicles: How It's Done

With the invention of the wireless charging system, owners of the electric vehicles do not need to wait longer for hours at a charging station. Now people who own an electric car can put their vehicle on charge even when parking in a garage or anywhere.

Generally, people are aware of the wireless transmission of data, audio and video signals, so what keeps us transmitting energy through data?

Research has shown that a special charging board is built while moving the batteries of the electric cars. However, the biggest problem with electric vehicles is the strenuous process of searching for a charging station while the battery is on the verge of exhaustion. Because of this, the vehicles take a long time to get recharged.

Is the wireless charging of electric vehicles possible?

The basic feature of the wireless charger is the same as the transformer. While using wireless charging, one must know that a transmitter and a receiver will be there. This receiver generally converts 220v 52Hz AC power into high-frequency AC, which boosts the transmitter coil and thus generates a magnetic field.

The receiver coil then generates the current flowing in it. For effective wireless charging, it is necessary to maintain the resonance frequency for both the transmitter and the receiver. Here, a type of compensation network is added to it to maintain the balanced frequency. Next, the AC power source is converted into DC power and feeds the battery with sufficient power. There are mainly two types of wireless charging systems – static wireless charging and dynamic wireless charging.

Different types of wireless charging systems for an EV

The electric vehicle wireless charging system is divided into three types based on its operating system. They are-

• The capacitive wireless charging system
• Permanent magnetic gear wireless charging system
• The inductive wireless charging system

The capacitive wireless charging system

As per the name, the car will be recharged once it is parked. The energy transmission between the transmitter and the receiver is achieved by causing changes in the electric field. Coupling capacitors are used by replacing the magnets or coils, as these capacitors are used to receive and then transmit the power

Permanent magnetic gear wireless charging system

In this sphere, both the receiver and the transmitter are composed of armature windings and synchronous windings. If people see it differently, the side part of the launcher seems similar to that of an engine.

A mechanical torque is produced when the transmitter coil gets connected by the alternating current. By charging the magnetic interaction in the transmitter, the PM magnetic field has the following torque leaving the permanent magnets to rotate. And thus, the system produces the power for an electric vehicle.

The inductive wireless charging system

The wireless transmission is possible by mutual induction and creating the magnetic field between the receiver coil and the transmitter coil. During the application of the AC power on the transmitter coil, the magnetic field moves and creates the power.

Companies currently developing a wireless charging system

Several companies believe in the movement called Go Green. They are against the traditional fuel-based cars, and that is making them introduce electric vehicles. So to recharge them in a green way, several other companies are showing interest in creating a wireless charging system. These companies are Tesla, Nissan, and Chevrolet etc.

Conclusion

Since the current location is not suitable for these facilities, new infrastructure is needed to improve this situation. This infrastructure must include static and dynamic wireless charging stations and that too on the road. It is essential to maintain a balance between electromagnetic compatibility and frequency.