The tracks on which cars run can vary from time to time. Often, cars need to make various unprecedented turns for which the mechanical car system needs to be ready. Torque vectoring is a complex concept that can dictate how a car turns. The clutch is an essential component that can influence how torque works on a vehicle. The physics is undoubtedly noteworthy to look at, considering the immense importance to the working of a car.
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Torque vectoring refers to the distribution of torque between the wheels. It is a process used by automobiles to vary the torque at every half-shaft.
The concept of torque vectoring uses the idea of differential for the wheels. One wheel on the axle is allowed to go faster than the other. This concept is generally electronically controlled for more efficiency and accuracy.
When the car is travelling in a straight line, the clutch pack that controls torque vectoring is in a state of the open differential. This means that the torque is uniformly distributed across both the wheels on the axle.
When a hairpin turn is made, the torque is transferred to the outer wheel to maintain the grip. If there is another sudden turn, the torque is again distributed to the wheel with the most grip. To prevent understeering while accelerating out of turn, the torque is shifted to the outside rear wheel, and the turning is smooth.
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Brake-based systems are more durable and efficient. Instead of relying on a system of differential, one of the wheels on the axle is stopped. This creates a momentary differential allowing for a smooth turn for the wheel.
In this system, each wheel is fitted with an electric motor. Thus, the control over the turn is handled individually. The addition of a system like regenerative braking allows constant change in the torque, making the vehicle turn.
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One of the main advantages is the smooth turning of the car when the car needs to cross hairpin bends. The steering lock is effectively reduced, and so is the understeering, which makes turning more accessible and more efficient.
Torque vectoring makes driving much safer. The car doesn't need to unnecessarily waste energy to go through various turns. Torque vectoring reduces the chances of any accidents happening since that could be catastrophic.
Torque vectoring allows for individual controls of the wheels. This means the wheels don't have to be controlled through a single system, and individually, the power and torque levels can be varied to make driving fun.
